Data centers are undergoing an unprecedented period of investment. Analysts at Dell’Oro Group expect data center infrastructure spending to surpass $1 trillion annually within five years. As well as new servers packed with graphics processing units (GPUs), organizations will spend heavily on upgraded cooling systems. However, they are unlikely to achieve the full value from that investment if they fail to take care of the cleanliness of the data center.

Small amounts of dust can build up quickly on fans, radiators, or air intakes. Within a short time, dust in pumps, heat exchangers, and around fittings reduces cooling efficiency, restricts airflow, and increases the risk of malfunctions. Any airflow disruption in modern, densely packed racks running AI workloads can create localized hotspots and even force servers offline.

The unfortunate fact is that the air-cooling system is also an excellent transportation system for moving dust into the racks. Fans push particulate deeper inside equipment. Eventually, metal surfaces are coated with dust and the space between the fins of heatsinks can become clogged, restricting airflow and lowering heat dissipation. In response, fans run at higher speeds, which generates more noise, shortens fan lifespan, and increases energy use.

An additional risk is static. While most dust is not electrically conductive, particles can promote the buildup of electrostatic charge on surfaces. Over time, this increases the risk of electrostatic discharge (ESD), which can damage sensitive internal components. The presence of dust also accelerates further accumulation. With AI workloads becoming so common, and with high-performance systems requiring maximum utilization, preventive measures such as cleaning and static control are increasingly important.

Steps to Take to Improve Data Center Cleanliness and Airflow

There are several steps to take to improve the cleanliness of the data center:

 1. Filtration

Some data centers use inadequate filtration, which allows particulate to circulate. This is asking for trouble. Investment in MERV 13–16 or HEPA filters will help reduce the amount of dust buildup for a relatively small cost. Regularly replace those filters, too, as captured particulate restricts airflow. When filters clog, CRAC/CRAH systems must work harder and energy consumption rises.

2. Data Center Cleaning

Even with the best filtration, particulate accumulation will occur on and inside data center equipment. Microscopic silica from concrete flooring or construction typically finds a way through air filters, as do carbon and soot particles from urban environments. As personnel work in the data center, their skin cells, hair, and fibers from clothing also enter the environment.

Harmful particulate becomes noticeable in a data center within six to nine months. If left for more than a year, areas under raised floors and inside equipment can become clogged with material. It is advisable to bring in professional cleaners who specialize in data centers. They will address areas office cleaners or IT personnel typically miss, such as:

• Under raised floors
• Internal server components (fans, heat sinks, filters, and rear exhausts)
• Ceiling tiles and upper cable trays
• Cooling coils and ductwork
• UPS rooms and backup generator rooms
• Airflow plenums, CRAC/CRAH units, and PDUs

3. Correct Airflow Management

An airflow audit often uncovers inefficiencies that contribute to dust accumulation and cooling issues. By implementing airflow best practices, conditioned air is channeled where it is supposed to be, making cleaning more effective. Steps to take include:

• Rack containment
• Blanking panels in front of racks
• Grommets at cable openings
• Proper placement of flooring tiles
• Sealing gaps between racks and other openings

Putting It All Together

Data center cleaning is vitally important. It should be scheduled regularly using a professional firm with data center expertise, with intervals adjusted based on how much dust builds up. Highly utilized AI-based data centers can expect a higher cleaning frequency than traditional facilities, and the surrounding environment also plays a role in determining the right schedule.

In addition, good filtration and proper airflow management can make the cleaning process more effective. However, these are not substitutes for cleaning and dust removal. Together, regular cleaning, filtration, and airflow management form the foundation for protecting both equipment performance and long-term reliability.